Prepared mucoadhesive buccal films of glipizide by a solvent casting technique using hpmc, scmc, cp934p and eudragit rl100. Mucoadhesive drug delivery system is a part of controlled delivery system. Excellent mucoadhesive properties are typical for hydrophilic polymers possessing charged groups andor non. Thus, the pharmaceutical industry has an interest in drug delivery systems formulated around the use of mucoadhesive polymers. Download fundamentals of polymer chemistry pdf 48p download free online book chm pdf.
The film, consisting of two layers of an adhesive layer containing drugs and a protective layer functioning as a protector and supporter, adheres to oral mucous membranes so that the drugs may be absorbed steadily through the oral mucous membranes. Mucoadhesive gels designed for the controlled release of. For example, compacts have been used for drug delivery to the oral cavity, 51 and powders and nanoparticles have been used to facilitate drug administration to the nasal mucosa. Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems 3 the contact between the mucoadhesive and the mucous membrane, with spreading and swelling of the formulation, initiating its deep contact with the mucus layer hagerstrom, 2003. Mucoadhesive polymers are versatile not only in their mechanisms of attachment, but also their origin.
In the present update on mucoadhesive polymers for ocular delivery dosage forms, the tremendous advances in the biochemistry of mucins, the development of new polymers, the use of drug complexes and other technological advances are discussed. Introduction opical application of drugs to the eye is the most popular and wellaccepted route of administration for the treatment of various eye disorders. The api will be released close to the site of action with a consequent enhancement of bioavailability mucoadhesive drug delivery systems provide a means of enhancing retention at defined sites, if systemic uptake occurs the use of mucoadhesive polymers. The present invention relates to a new oral mucoadhesive film containing mucoadhesive polymers. These compositions are well suited, for example, for the delivery of anionic ophthalmic pharmaceuticals because they can provide clear solution in addition to substantivity. Polysaccharides possessing charged functional groups, such as chitosan. Polymers with thiol groups might represent a new generation of mucoadhesive polymers displaying comparatively stronger adhesive properties. The main reasons for addition of mucoadhesive polymers in.
Bioadhesive polymeric platforms for transmucosal drug. Polymers that become sticky when placed in water and owe their mucoadhesion to stickiness. Mucoadhesive polymers that adhere to the musin epithelial surface can be conveniently divided into three broad classes. Mucoadhesive polymers are of significant interest to the pharmaceutical, medical device, and cosmetic industries. Using rheological measurements of the polymer mixtures with mucin, viscosity enhancement and specific interaction between polymers and mucin was revealed. Novel mucoadhesive polymers for nasal drug delivery 319 factors like low ciliary irritation and high permeability among other considerations favour the potential use of lectins for nasal drug delivery 18. The effect of glipizide on the swelling behavior and the residence time of various mucoadhesive polymers were observed. A clinical perspective on mucoadhesive buccal drug delivery. Pdf novel mucoadhesive polymers for nasal drug delivery. Evaluation of mucoadhesive polymers in ocular drug delivery. Novel mucoadhesive polymers for nasal drug delivery. Lectins lectins are naturally occurring proteins that play a fundamental role in biological recognition phenomena involving e residues. Here, we provide an overview of different mucoadhesive polymers with a focus on the relevance for the treatment of dry x syndrome. Preparation and evaluation of mucoadhesive gastro retentive.
Novel mucoadhesive polymers for nasal drug delivery 323 order of na 3 po 4 na 2 so 4 nacl have been found to lower the critical micellar temperature significantly 56. Precorneal clearance of a mucoadhesive polymer solution carbopol 934p is compared to that of an. Mucoadhesive polymers, both synthetic and biological, have a history. Author links open overlay panel kyuri kim a keumyeon kim a ji hyun. The use of biocompatible polymers such as hydroxypropylmethylcellulose hpmc, hydroxyethylcellulose hec, carboxymethylcellulose cmc, and carbopol in solid formulations results in mucoadhesive systems capable of promoting the prolonged and localized release of active pharmaceutical ingredients apis. Introduction to polymer science, chain structure and configuration, molecular weights and sizes, concentrated solutions and phase separation behavior, the amorphous state, the crystalline state, polymers in the liquid crystalline state, glassrubber transition behavior, crosslinked polymers and.
Bioadhesion can be defined as the process by which a natural or a synthetic polymer can adhere to a biological substrate. Us20080020036a1 controlled release formulations of enzymes. This also focuses on mucoadhesive drug delivery systems available in the market 1. The medicated films showed high swelling index in comparison to plain films. This strategy represents a technological innovation that can be applied to improving the. Buccal delivery of the desired drug using mucoadhesive polymers has been the subject of interest since the early 1980s. Jagadeesh singh the mucoadhesive drug delivery system is a popular novel drug delivery method because mucous membranes are relatively permeable, allowing for the rapid uptake of. Advances in mucoadhesion and mucoadhesive polymers. A wide range of formulations has been proposed for the delivery of small molecules, but comparatively few have found their way onto the market. Mucoadhesive formulations reported so far range from simple use of watersoluble polymers or their mixtures to functionalised materials bearing specific adhesive chemical moieties. The potential of a mucoadhesive polymer as an ophthalmic vehicle is evaluated within the rabbit. The tablets were evaluated for hardness, weight variation, thickness, percentage of drug content, surface ph, invitro studies like swelling, mucoadhesive strength and drug release.
Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems interact with the mucus layer covering the mucosal epithelial surface, and mucin molecules and increase the residence time of the dosage form at the site of absorption. However, their mucoadhesiveness varies depending on the type of polymer and the degree of chemical functionalization. Mucoadhesive polymers in the design of nanodrug delivery systems for administration by nonparenteral routes. The mucoadhesive disks of various polymers were fabricated with objective of comparing the mucoadhesive strength and mucoretentability with the isolated dpp.
Mucoadhesive polymers play an important role in the design and development of mucoadhesive drug delivery sys tems and may be classified on the. Pdf advances in mucoadhesion and mucoadhesive polymers. Kyun choi college of pharmacy, chosun university, kwangju 501. Functionalized mucoadhesive polymers, such as polycarbophil, hyaluronan, and amberlite resin, have been developed and the characterization and. Pdf mucoadhesive polymers for enhancing retention in ocular. Fundamentals of polymer chemistry pdf 48p download book. A novel mucoadhesive polymer prepared by template polymerization of acrylic acid in the presence of poly ethylene glycol hoo. One of the most important features of the nasal route is that it avoids firstpass hepatic. An ideal mucoadhesive polymer should have the following characteris tics 36 1. Methods to study mucoadhesive dosage forms mucoadhesive. A focus on mucoadhesive polymers and their application in. The api will be released close to the site of action with a consequent enhancement of bioavailability mucoadhesive drug delivery systems provide a means of enhancing retention at defined sites, if systemic uptake occurs the use of mucoadhesive polymers will not prevent a. In some cases, such as for ocular or vaginal formulations, the delivery system is mechanically attached over the membrane. View enhanced pdf access article on wiley online library html view download pdf for offline viewing.
A recent update bappaditya chatterjee 1, nursazreen amalina 1, pinaki sengupta 1, uttam kumar mandal 2 1 pharmaceutical technology, kulliyyah of pharmacy, international islamic university malaysia, kuantan 25200, malaysia. The result of this critique will assist researchers to screen the mucoadhesive polymers for their designated purpose. To improve the mucoadhesive properties of polycarbophil by the introduction of sulfhydryl groups. The use of mucoadhesive polymers in buccal drug delivery. The aim of this special issue is to present recent advances in the area of mucoadhesive polymers. Means of improving the mucoadhesive properties of drug delivery system.
The small buildingblock molecules are called monomers. This can be minimized by delivering the drugs using ocular insert or patches. A recent update article pdf available in journal of applied pharmaceutical science 75. Studies in animals concluded that lectins have minimal acute irritancy and can be thus be used for further in vivo studies19. To formulate mucoadhesive tablets by using natural polymers like chitosan, xanthan gum, and moringa gum 3. Bioadhesive and mucoadhesive polymers authorstream presentation. Mucoadhesive polymers was found to be a novel drug carrier. Mucoadhesive polymers for enhancing retention in ocular drug delivery. Mucoadhesive polymers in the treatment of dry x syndrome. The invention is directed to a topical medicamentcontaining composition which exhibits excellent bioadhesive properties suitable for application to the human body, including to mucous membranes. These venture involve the use of straight chain polymers like peg as adhesion booster3, the negation of ionic mucoadhesive polymers 4, adhesion by a slow hydration process3 and by developing consolidated polymer adhering substrate conjugates5, 6 contribute to characteristic binding to epithelia. Mucoadhesive polymers in the design of nanodrug delivery.
The modified polymer displayed improved internal cohesive properties due to the formation of. A polymer with longlasting mucoadhesive properties. Association of carbopol 934p and carbopol 42 a hydrophobic modified carbopol resin with phospholipid vesicles was assessed by photon correlation spectroscopy and microelectrophoresis at ph 7. Polymers free fulltext assessing mucoadhesion in polymer.
This feature article considers recent advances in the study of mucoadhesion and mucoadhesive polymers. The substrate possessing bioadhesive property can help in devising a delivery system capable of delivering a bioactive agent for a prolonged. Formulation f6 containing gum olibanum with highest concentration showed good mucoadhesive strength 24. Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems have been applied to buccal cavity, oesophagus, gastrointestinal tract, eye, nasal cavity, vagina and rectal cavity. Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems pubmed central pmc. One of the most important features of the nasal route is that it avoids firstpass hepatic metabolism. The nasal mucosa provides a potentially good route for systemic drug delivery. Adobe pdf mucoadhesive polymers are able to provide protection or even mucus substitution for leaky mucus barriers associated with a dry eye, dry mouth, and dry. Intrinsic factors of the polymer are related to its molecular weight, concentration and chain flexibility.
The mucoadhesive polymers used in formulations were sodium carboxy methyl cellulose, carbopol cp934, hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose hpmc k4m, and date palm fruit pulp. Synthetic polymers are a mainstay of modern life, but nature also makes polymers. Use of factorial design in formulation and evaluation of ophthalmic gels of gatifloxacin. Numerous mucoadhesive polymers have been exploited for prolonging the residence time of formulated drugs. Volume 39, issue 12, december 2014, pages 20302075. Adobe pdf mucoadhesive polymers are able to provide protection or even mucus substitution for leaky mucus barriers associated with a dry eye, dry mouth, and dry vagina, collectively named dry x syndrome. Wide varieties of polymers such as cationic, anionic, nonionic, thiolated polymers etc have been used to design and develop mucoadhesive drug delivery system. Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems in the past have been formulated as powders, compacts, sprays, semisolids, or films. In the present study, the mucoadhesive properties of flexible polymeric films based on pvp or pva as filmforming polymers were assessed by measuring the detachment force from excised porcine duodenal mucosa using a tensile. Pdf mucoadhesive polymers and their mode of action. Polymers polymers are the giant molecules of chemistry. When the biological substrate is a mucosal layer then the phenomena is known as mucoadhesion. Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems have applications from different angles, including development of novel mucoadhesives, design of the device, mechanisms of mucoadhesion and permeation enhancement. An ideal mucoadhesive polymer should have the following.
Polymers that adhere through nonspecific, non covalent interactions that is primarily. However, with regard to mucoadhesion, polymer chains that can penetrate into this. This overview about the mucoadhesive dosage forms might be a useful tool for the efficient design of novel mucoadhesive drug delivery systems. For example, compacts have been used for drug delivery to the oral cavity. Mucoadhesive polymer, mucoadhesion, bioavailability. Polysaccharides possessing charged functional groups, such as chitosan, are known for mucoadhesive properties but suffer from poor chemical definition and solubility, while the chemical synthesis of polysaccharides is challenging with few reported examples of. Evaluation of mucoadhesive polymers in ocular drug. Figure 2 schematic diagram showing the mucoadhesive property of polymers based on.
Polymers free fulltext tablet of ximenia americana l. Advantages associated with buccal drug delivery have rendered this route of administration useful for a variety of drugs. Tannic acid as a degradable mucoadhesive compound acs. Mucoadhesive polymers are used to improve drug delivery by enhancing the dosage forms contact time and.
Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems may enable a prolonged and localized drug release at various sites of the gastrointestinal tract. Mucoadhesive polymers can be classified as nonspecific first generation polymers and novel second generation polymers based on the mechanism of mucoadhesion. Compositions comprising cationic polysaccharide polymers and anionic therapeutic agents which can have enhanced substantivity to mucosal surfaces are disclosed. The bioavailability of ophthalmic drugs is, however, very poor due to efficient protective mechanisms of the eye.
The effect of method type and instrument variables. Assembling surfactantsmucoadhesive polymer nanomicelles. In turbidimetric titration, a polymer with high affinity to mucin forms aggregates easily, which can be quantitatively determined by light scattering at 600 nm a 600. For linear polymers, mucoadhesion increases with molecu lar. Various mechanisms of mucoadhesion or bioadhesion between polymer and mucin such as h bonding. Thus far, only a few polymers, such as thiolated ones and related variants, have been studied. Turbidimetric titration method was used to compare the mucoadhesive properties of the polymers. The scope of this investigation was the design of assembling surfactants mucoadhesive polymer nanomicelles asmpnano, based on a binary system of two surfactants in combination with hyaluronic acid, and their biopharmaceutical evaluation. Mucoadhesive polymers play an important role in the design and development of mucoadhesive drug delivery sys tems and may be classified on the basis of generation, source, charge, and solubility.
The relevance of mucoadhesion to the food industry is a relatively novel concept. A recent update bappaditya chatterjee1, nursazreen amalina1, pinaki sengupta1, uttam kumar mandal2 1pharmaceutical technology, kulliyyah of pharmacy, international islamic university malaysia, kuantan 25200, malaysia. The mechanisms behind mucoadhesion have not yet been fully elucidated, but a generally accepted theory is that close contact must first be established between the mucoadhesive agent and the mucus, followed by interpenetration of the mucoadhesive polymer and the mucin and finishing with the formation of entanglements and chemical bonds between. Pdf evaluation of mucoadhesive polymers in ocular drug. Novel mucoadhesive polymers in novel mucoadhesive polymer cases, existing mucoadhesive polymers have been modified, while in others, new materials are developed. Evaluation of prepared mucoadhesive tablets for their physical and chemical characteristics.
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