For 30 years, topics such as air refrigeration cycles and systems, vapour. Refrigeration and air conditioning training course. The first point to understand about refrigeration theory is that heat is energy, and it can be made to move. It is also used in domestic and commercial refrigerators, largescale warehouses for chilled or frozen storage of foods and meats. Before moving further on differences lets have an overview of both the vapour compression and vapour absorption refrigeration. The refrigeration training system provides the student with theoretical and. Also covered in this chapter are the methods used for installing, maintaining, and repairing refrigeration equipment, including domestic refrigerators and freezers. The goal behind the project was the development of alternative systems that are complementary to the actual refrigeration systems, such as the compressor system and carbon dioxide snow.
The refrigeration systems commonly used for air conditioning can be classified by the type of input energy and the refrigeration process as follows. The content is in a format appropriate for students who are attending classes fulltime while preparing for their first job, for. Principle of refrigeration the refrigeration cycle is also known as vapour compression cycle. Refrigeration and air conditioning training course principles of refrigeration 32 hours, 32 nate cehs, 3. Bimetallic thermostats 146 thermostat construction and wiring 147 defrost controls 147. It is usually done by an artificial means of lowering the temperature, such as by the use of ice or mechanical refrigeration, which is a mechanical system or apparatus, designed and. However, the cost, size, and complexity of refrigeration systems of the time, coupled with the toxicity of their ammonia coolants, prevented the general use of mechanical refrigerators in the. The basic principles of the refrigeration process have so far only been explained. Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine. Real people just like you are kissing the idea of punching the clock for someone else goodbye, and embracing a new way of living. Fundamentals of mechanical refrigeration systems course content introduction mechanical refrigeration is a thermodynamic process of removing heat from a lower temperature heat.
However, first lets understand air conditioning theory, the basic principle, types of heat, how heat transfers and i will show you how the basic refrigeration cycle diagram works. When that heat is allowed to move back into the ice, the ice will melt. Understanding the basic refrigeration cycle diagram also helps us to find subcooled, superheat and to troubleshoot refrigeration processes much easier. Today we will study the difference between vapour compression and vapour absorption refrigeration system in detail. The purpose of a refrigerator is the removal of heat, called the cooling load, from a lowtemperature medium. Ammonia refrigeration technology single stage compression with evaporators configured as directexpansion flooded overfeed multistage compression systems cascade systems. The coefficient of performance cop for the refrigerator is then. Refrigeration technology is commonly used in domestic and industrial applications. Refrigeration and air conditioning technology 7th edition pdf. Refrigeration is the removal of heat from a material or space, so that its temperature is lower than that of its surroundings. The heat absorbed is called the refrigeration affect.
The refrigeration system requires some means of connecting the basic major components evaporator, compressor, condenser, and metering device just as roads connect communities. Refrigeration and air conditioning linkedin slideshare. Manual for refrigeration servicing introduction technicians. This effect is commonly used in camping and portable coolers and for cooling electronic components and small instruments. Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. The cycle operates at two pressures high and low, to produces a continuous cooling effect. Introduction of zeolite technology into refrigeration systems.
Saturation curve this curve represents what state vapor or liquid and region subcooled, latent heat, and superheat the refrigerant is in. Download textbook of refrigeration and air conditioning by r. At the bottom of the articles you can download pdf. Ppt refrigeration basics 101 powerpoint presentation. This book has been written especially for use in programs where a full curriculum in refrigeration is offered. Ppt vapour compression cycle powerpoint presentation. Purpose of refrigeration examples and applications choice of coolant and refrigerants phase diagram of water and co 2 vapor compression refrigeration system pressureenthalpy diagram for refrigerants refrigerator, air conditioner, thermoelectric cooler, heat pump designation, choice, criteria for selection, and. There are several heat transfer loops in a refrigeration. When 1 pound of ice melts, it absorbs 144 btu, as latent energy. It usually includes dra wings that more closely resemble the components themselves, rather than symbols. Thermo acoustic refrigeration is one such phenomenon that uses high intensity sound waves in a pressurized gas tube to pump heat from. If enough heat is removed from a glass of water, the water will freeze to ice. The refrigeration or air conditioning system r transfers heat from a cooler lowenergy reservoir to a warmer highenergy reservoir. The siunit for temperature kelvin k is an abso lute temperature because its reference point 0 k is the lowest temperature that it in theory would be able to.
Theory and applications by james k carson covers the basic thermodynamic and heat transfer considerations of the vapour compression cycle followed by the major applications of refrigeration in the areas of food preservation, human comfort and cryogenics. Refrigeration fundamentals 2175 west park place blvd. Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that todays audiences expect. This is basically an intermittent system means continuous refrigeration effect we can not get. Freeze drying lyophilization 20140304 4 faculty of pharmacy. Mechanical refrigeration works by changing the the majority of heat is removed from the the majority of the works by removedchanging the absorbed heat is state of the refrigerant. Hence in refrigeration systems we call the total heat as enthalpy which is the sum of sensible and latent heat. Air conditioning theory there are two laws that are significant to understand the basic refrigeration cycle and air conditioning.
However, the material covered and the method of presentation are such that the text is also suitable for adult evening classes and for onthejob training and selfinstruction. Heat has its own laws, called the laws of thermodynamics. Vaporcompression refrigeration, in which the refrigerant undergoes phase changes, is one of the many refrigeration cycles and is the most widely used method for airconditioning of buildings and automobiles. Pdf textbook of refrigeration and air conditioning by r. In theory, the refrigerant leaves the evaporator as a vapor at point 1, however, in real applications. Introduction a major application area of thermodynamics is refrigeration, which is the transfer of heat from a lower temperature region to a higher temperature one. Rev pages chapter 9 refrigerants, refrigeration cycles. The danfoss product range for the refrigeration and air.
The pressures inside airconditioning and refrigeration sys. Refrigeration air conditioning systems are all in the category of flow processes, and hence only flow energy is considered with any datum level. Tubing or lines make the system complete so that the refrigerant will not leak out into the atmosphere. The following temperatures are typical of the standard refrigeration cycle for comfort cooling applications.
The vapor compression refrigeration cycle is a common method for transferring heat from a low. An introduction thermoelectric cooling uses the peltier effect to create a heat flux between the junctions of two different types of materials. Mechanicalmechanical pe full examfull exam written in exam format. The suction line connects the evaporator or cooling coil to. However, proper selection and application of all equipment depends on a working knowledge of the mechanical refrigeration process.
Refrigeration basics 101 1 refrigeration basics 101 by eric nelson 2 basics. When refrigerant absorbs the unwanted heat, this raises the refrigerants temperature saturation. A refrigeration system is a combination of components and equipment connected in a sequential order to produce the refrigeration effect. The science behind refrigeration berg chilling systems inc. Basic refrigeration cycle for watercooled chillers in this tdp, we will explain the refrigeration cycle using components from a centrifugal chiller since that type of chiller is watercooled. Ideal refrigeration in steady state, the 1st law around the whole system gives. Refrigeration cycles the vapor compression refrigeration cycle is a common method for transferring heat from a low temperature to a high temperature. Khurmi a textbook of refrigeration and air conditioning is an aptly written textbooks for the students of mechanical engineering while also a mustread for anyone with an interest in the subject. Theory and applications international version by adel s. Seminarproject report on thermoacoustic refrigeration pdf ppt download abstract of thermoacoustic refrigeration thermo acoustic have been known for over years but the use of this phenomenon to develop engines and pumps is fairly recent. Refrigeration and air conditioning is used to cool products or a building environment. Zubair latif comsats institute of information technology, lahore 2. In the past, this was done by collecting ice in the winter and using its specific heat to cool as the ice melted. Liquids readily accessible pdf absorb heat when changed from liquid to gas.
Refrigeration fundamentals heatcraft worldwide refrigeration. Welcome to the manual for refrigeration servicing technicians. Refrigeration is obtained by connecting two vessel left vessel containing pure refrigerant while right containing solution of refrigerant and absorbent. The following safety and common symbols may be used in this manual and on. Pdf refrigeration and air conditioning books collection. To be able to provide your customers with cooling solutions, you will need to have a firm grasp of the fundamental principles of basic refrigeration. Refrigeration and air conditioning technology 7th edition pdf by william c. It is an ebook for people who are involved in training and. To read more about basic refrigeration theory, you might be interested in reading our free introduction to air conditioning and refrigeration online e book. These books are used by students of top universities, institutes and colleges.
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